MOVES Onroad Technical Reports

The technical reports for MOVES4 describe the default inputs and algorithms for EPA’s latest version of MOVES: MOVES4. Technical reports for earlier versions of MOVES are included here because much of the technical information in the latest versions of MOVES builds off of information developed for previous versions.

These reports focus on MOVES inputs and algorithms for cars, trucks and other onroad emission sources. MOVES also covers a wide variety of nonroad sources. See the Nonroad Technical Reports page for reports focused on MOVES nonroad inputs and algorithms.

• MOVES4
• MOVES3
• MOVES2014
• MOVES2010
• Draft MOVES2009
• MOVES2004
• MOVES Development

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MOVES4

Overview of EPA’s MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES4) (pdf) (1.6 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-019) provides a high-level overview of MOVES4, including references to technical documentation and other MOVES information.

Air Toxic Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (1.6 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-022) The information in this report has not changed for MOVES4.

Brake and Tire Wear Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (48 pp, 1 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-014) The information in this report has not changed for MOVES4.

Emission Adjustments for Onroad Vehicles in MOVES4 (pdf) (1.7 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-021)

Evaporative Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES4 (pdf) (2.2 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-023)

Exhaust Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty Onroad Vehicles in MOVES4 (pdf) (6.9 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-027)

Exhaust Emission Rates for Light-Duty Onroad Vehicles in MOVES4 (pdf) (5.8 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-028)

Fuel Effects on Exhaust Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (3 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-016) The information in this report has not changed for MOVES4.

• Additional information on Fuel Effects on Vehicle Emissions.

Fuel Supply Defaults: Regional Fuels and the Fuel Wizard in MOVES4 (pdf) (4.6 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-025)

• Supplemental tables cited in MathPro refinery modeling report (Appendix C) (pdf) (Contained in EPA-420-R-23-025, listed above.)

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Consumption Rates for Onroad Vehicles MOVES4 (pdf) (1.3 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-026)

Population and Activity of Onroad Vehicles in MOVES4 (pdf) (5.4 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-005)

Speciation of Total Organic Gas and Particulate Matter Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES4 (pdf) (1.1 MB, August 2023, EPA-420-R-23-006)

MOVES3

Overview of EPA’s MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES3) (pdf) (1.1 MB, March 2021, EPA-420-R-21-004) provides a high-level overview of MOVES3, including references to technical documentation and other MOVES information.

Overview of Progress and Findings from the Cross-EPA Coordination Effort for Understanding and Evaluating NO_X Emissions Discrepancies (pdf) (2.1 MB, November 2021, 454-R-21-008) describes work to understand discrepancies between modeled estimates of atmospheric NO_X and total reactive nitrogen (NO_Y) concentrations and ambient measurements and determine whether these discrepancies were driven by mobile source emissions estimates or other model processes.

Air Toxic Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (1.6 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-022)

Brake and Tire Wear Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (1 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-014)

Emission Adjustments for Temperature, Humidity, Air Conditioning and Inspection and Maintenance for Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (1.8 MB, November 2022, EPA-420-R-22-030) This report was updated for MOVES3.1 and supersedes prior versions.

Evaporative Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (1.5 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-012)

Exhaust Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (9.8 MB, November 2022, EPA-420-R-22-031) This report was updated for MOVES3.1 and supersedes prior versions.

Exhaust Emission Rates for Light-Duty Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (8.2 MB, November 2022, EPA-420-R-22-032) This report was updated for MOVES3.1 and supersedes prior versions.

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Consumption Rates for Onroad Vehicles MOVES3 (pdf) (852 MB, November 2020, EPA-420-R-20-015)

Population and Activity of Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (4.3 MB, April 2021, EPA-420-R-21-012) This report was updated for MOVES3.0.1 in April 2021 and supersedes prior versions.

Speciation of Total Organic Gas and Particulate Matter Emissions from Onroad Vehicles in MOVES3 (pdf) (2 MB, July 2022, EPA-420-R-22-017) This report was updated for MOVES3.0.4 in July 2022 and supersedes prior versions.

MOVES2014

Air Toxic Emissions from On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (1 MB, November 2016, EPA-420-R-16-016)

Brake and Tire Wear Emissions from On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (1.1 MB, EPA-420-R-15-018, November 2015)

Emission Adjustments for Temperature, Humidity, Air Conditioning, and Inspection and Maintenance for On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (1.15 MB, EPA-420-R-15-020, November 2015)

Evaporative Emissions from On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (2.6 MB, EPA-420-R-14-014, September 2014)

Exhaust Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (2.23 MB, EPA-420-R-15-015a, November 2015)

Exhaust Emission Rates for Light-Duty On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (3.5 MB, EPA-420-R-15-005, October 2015)

Fuel Supply Defaults: Regional Fuels and the Fuel Wizard in MOVES2014b (pdf) (679 KB, EPA-420-R-18-008, July 2018)

Greenhouse Gas and Energy Consumption Rates for On-road Vehicles: Updates for MOVES2014 (pdf) (563 KB, EPA-420-R-15-003, October 2015)

Population and Activity of On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014 (pdf) (6.7 MB, EPA-420-R-16-003a, March 2016)

Speciation of Total Organic Gas and Particulate Matter Emissions from On-road Vehicles in MOVES2014b (pdf) (1.10 MB, EPA-420-R-18-012, July 2018)

U.S. EPA Response to the CRC Project No. E-101, Review of MOVES2014 (pdf) (137 KB, EPA-420-R-16-012, October 2016)

MOVES2010

Introduction to MOVES2010, October 2010 Webinar Slides (pdf) (503.9 KB)

MOVES2010b: Additional Toxics Added to MOVES (pdf) (249 KB, EPA-420-B-12-029a, May 2012)

Development of Evaporative Emissions Calculations for the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator MOVES2010 (pdf) (888 KB, EPA-420-R-12-027, September 2012)

Updates to the Greenhouse Gas and Energy Consumption Rates in MOVES2010a (pdf) (1 MB, EPA-420-R-12-025, August 2012)

Development of Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator MOVES2010 (pdf) (1,64 MB, EPA-420-B-12-049, August 2012)

Use of Data from “Development of Emission Rates for the MOVES Model,” Sierra Research, March 3, 2010 (pdf) (2.18 MB, EPA-420-R-12-022, August 2012)

Use of Data from “Development of Generic Link-Level Driving Cycles”, Sierra Research, May 5, 2009 (pdf) (6.18 MB, EPA-420-B-12-050, August 2012)

Development of Emission Rates for Light-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES2010) (pdf) (5.2 MB, EPA-420-R-11-011, August 2011)

MOVES2010 Fuel Adjustment and Air Toxic Emission Calculation Algorithm – Development and Results (pdf) (821 KB, EPA-420-R-11-009, July 2011)

MOVES2010 Highway Vehicle Temperature, Humidity. Air Conditioning, and Inspection and Maintenance Adjustments (pdf) (871 KB, EPA-420-R-10-027, December 2010)

MOVES2010 Highway Vehicle Population and Activity Data (pdf) (1.5 MB, EPA-420-R-10-026, November 2010)

Draft MOVES2009

Development of Emission Rates for Light-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES2009) (pdf) (2.1 MB, EPA-420-P-09-002, August 2009)

Development of Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (Draft MOVES2009) (pdf) (1.4 MB, EPA-420-P-09-005, August 2009)

Development of Evaporative Emissions Calculations for the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (Draft MOVES2009) (pdf) (267 KB, EPA-420-P-09-006, August 2009)

Development of Gasoline Fuel Effects in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES2009) (pdf) (724 KB, EPA-420-P-09-004, August 2009)

Draft MOVES2009 Highway Vehicle Temperature, Humidity, Air Conditioning, and Inspection and Maintenance Adjustments (pdf) (469 KB, EPA-420-P-09-003, August 2009)

Draft MOVES2009 Highway Vehicle Population and Activity Data (pdf) (707 KB, EPA-420-P-09-001, August 2009)

MOVES2004

Energy and Emission Inputs (pdf) (5.6 MB, EPA420-P-05-003, March 2005)

User Manual and Technical Issues of GREET for MOVES Integration (pdf) (522 KB, EPA420-P-05-004, March 2005)

Fuel Consumption Modeling of Conventional and Advanced Technology Vehicles in the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE) (pdf) (2.0 MB, EPA420-P-05-001, February 2005)

Highway Vehicle Population and Activity Data (pdf) (445 KB, EPA420-P-04-020, December 2004)

Update of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors (pdf) (683 KB, EPA420-P-04-016, November 2004)

MOVES Development

Proof of Concept Investigation for the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE) to be Used in MOVES (pdf) (2.4 MB, EPA420-R-03-005, February 2003)

Independent Peer Review of the MOVES Design and Emissions Analysis Plans, and Addendum

Draft Design and Implementation Plan for EPA's Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle and Equipment Emission System (MOVES) (pdf) (899 KB, EPA420-P-02-006, October 2002)